Drilling for hydrocarbons demands both precision and constant monitoring, with mud logging emerging as a critical real-time analysis tool. Despite advancements, the full scope of mud logging's effectiveness in early problem detection and wellbore stability remains unclear. This research dives into the contemporary role of mud logging, addressing knowledge gaps through a nuanced understanding of methodologies, correlations, and geological variations. It explores the integration of mud logging data with other subsurface sources, emphasizing a cross-disciplinary approach. Employing a robust methodology that combines literature review, statistical analysis, expert interviews, and technology assessment, this research aims to enrich academic understanding while offering practical recommendations for optimizing drilling practices. The findings stand to enhance efficiency, stability, and operational success in the oil and gas industry, ultimately impacting the exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in a safer and more effective manner.