This comprehensive and insightful abstract meticulously explores the dynamic landscape of punctal and canalicular plugs, positioning them as revolutionary delivery systems within the realm of ophthalmology. These ingenious plugs have not merely gained recognition but have also become indispensable tools in the therapeutic arsenal for managing a spectrum of ocular diseases. Their profound impact is rooted in the dual advantages of enhancing drug bioavailability and prolonging therapeutic effects, marking a paradigm shift in the approach to ocular healthcare. A key focus of the discussion centers on the plugs' unique ability to regulate tear drainage, consequently elevating their significance in the context of ocular health. By extending the ocular surface residence time, these plugs contribute substantially to improving patient compliance, a critical aspect in the effective treatment of ocular conditions. The versatility of punctal and canalicular plugs is underscored by their diverse applications, ranging from addressing the challenges posed by dry eye syndrome to offering innovative solutions for conditions like glaucoma. Furthermore, the review delves into the cutting-edge advancements in plug materials and designs, leveraging the transformative capabilities of 3D printing technology. This not only propels the field forward but also facilitates a more personalized approach, catering to the unique needs of individual patients. The intersection of individualized medicine and plug development emerges as a pivotal theme, emphasizing the role of these plugs as both medicated and non-medicated drug delivery systems. A significant aspect explored in this review is the nuanced exploration of mechanisms that underpin the functionality of these plugs. This extends to an in-depth analysis of their clinical outcomes, offering a comprehensive understanding of the implications of these innovative technologies in the current landscape of ocular drug delivery.

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