The history of graduate studies at the University of Sharjah began with the establishment of the Center for Research and Graduate Studies in 1999, followed by the introduction of the first graduate program, the Master of Executive Business Administration, in 2000. The College of Graduate Studies was founded in 2006 to enhance the research and graduate studies, fulfilling the vision of its founder and president to advance the university as a leader in these fields. In 2014, under the guidance of His Highness Sheikh Dr. Sultan Bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, the College of Graduate Studies merged with three research institutions, elevating the university's status globally and locally.

This merger, supervised by the Vice Chancellor for Research & Graduate Studies, increased the college's involvement in multidisciplinary and community-related research. The College of Graduate Studies aims to promote and publish academic research, equip professionals with necessary knowledge, enhance academic capabilities, support outstanding students, and improve undergraduate postgraduate programs. Currently, the university offers 17 18 Ph.D. programs, 51 master’s programs, and two three higher diploma programs across 15 13 colleges, with plans for additional programs. The Graduate Studies Council, chaired by the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Graduate Studies, supports the college's mission, ensuring the continued excellence and development of these programs.